Conditions

For a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder; it is necessary to meet the following criteria for a manic episode. The manic episode may have been preceded by and may be followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes

A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day (or any duration if hospitalization is necessary).

During the period of mood disturbance and increased energy or activity, 3 (or more) of the following symptoms (4 if the mood is only irritable) are present to a significant degree and represent a noticeable change from usual behavior: Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, Decreased need for sleep (e.g., feels rested after only 3 hours of sleep), More talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking, Flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing, Distractibility (i.e., attention too easily drawn to unimportant or irrelevant external stimuli), as reported or observed, Increase in goal-directed activity (either socially, at work or school, or sexually) or psychomotor agitation (i.e., purposeless, non-goal-directed activity), Excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequences (e.g., engaging in unrestrained buying sprees, sexual indiscretions, or foolish business investments)

The mood disturbance is sufficiently severe to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning, or to necessitate hospitalization to prevent harm to self or others, or there are psychotic features.

The episode is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication, or other treatment) or to another medical condition

Criteria have been met for at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode

There has never been a manic episode

The occurrence of the hypomanic episode(s) and major depressive episode(s) is not better explained by schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, or other specified or unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder.

The symptoms of depression or the unpredictability caused by frequent alternation between periods of depression and hypomania causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. For a diagnosis of bipolar II disorder, it is necessary to meet the following criteria for a current or past hypomanic episode and the criteria for a current or past major depressive episode

The primary therapeutic objectives of bipolar disorder care are remission, maintenance of remission, prevention of recurrence, and full functional recovery.

The primary therapeutic objectives of bipolar disorder care are safety, symptomatic improvement, and patient psychoeducation.

Selection of acute treatment should take maintenance treatment goals into account.

Be aware of safety and tolerability concerns, evidence for maintenance use, and acute efficacy.

The list of possible treatments in the prevention of bipolar disorder is comprised of many treatment options; therefore, the regimen that stabilizes a patient should be strongly considered for continuation and maintenance

• 5 or more symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning
• At least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.
• Symptoms are not attributable to another medical condition.
• Feelings of sadness, emptiness, hopeless most of the day, nearly every day as reported by patient or observation of tearfulness or sadness etc by others close to patient.
• Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day (as indicated by subjective account or observation)
• Decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day
• Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain (e.g., change of more than 5% of body weight in a month).
• Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day
• Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day (observable by others, not merely subjective feelings of restlessness or being slowed down)
• Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day
• Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt nearly every day.
• Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day (either by subjective account or as observed by others)
• Recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide.
• The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. 
• The episode is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or to another medical condition.

• ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs in children, teens, and adults. The cause is unknown but believed to may be linked to a chemical imbalance in the brain.
• Its core symptoms are inattention, impulsivity/hyperactivity.In children, symptoms may present as difficulty waiting their turn, trouble or difficulty sitting still, blurting out answers in class, getting in trouble for behaviors in school and at home.
• In children, diagnoses of ADHD may be given together with a diagnosis of ODD/Oppositional Defiant Disorder.
• In an adult, symptoms of hyperactivity may be less apparent, but difficulties with inattention, poor planning, and impulsivity may be very prominent.
• For a diagnosis of ADHD to be made, symptoms must be present in two or more settings, for example at home, work or school, or in social settings.
• Treatment for ADHD in children may be different from adults. Ultimately ADHD is best treated with a combination of medication and therapy.